Phytotherapy for seizure: An overview of the most important indigenous Iranian medicinal plants with anticonvulsant properties

The statistics show that more than fifty million people worldwide suffer from seizure and epilepsy, and most of them are resistant to antiepileptic drugs. The causes of seizure attacks are different, including various diseases of the nervous system, infections, tumors, brain trauma, congenital diseases, fever, toxicity and metabolic factors. Currently, drugs such as phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, valproic acid and diazepam are used to treat epileptic seizures, which in turn lead to side effects. Studies have shown that the use of natural and herbal antiseptic agents has beneficial and protective effects. In this review article, the most important indigenous Iranian medicinal plants used to treat seizures are reported. Information to conduct this review article has been obtained using the search terms seizure, neurological lesion, phytotherapy, Iran, medicinal plants, extracts and essential oils to retrieve articles indexed in databases such as Scopus, Scientific Information Database, Magiran, Google Scholar and other Persian databases. The relevant articles were further reviewed for medicinal plants with anticonvulsant properties. Based on the results, medicinal plants such as Peganum harmala, Lavandula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, Tanacetum sonbolii, Launaea acanthodes, Ocimum basilicum, Salvia sahendica, Ruta graveolens, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Ziziphora tenuior, Heracleum persicum and Scrophularia striata are among the most important medicinal plants in Iran with anticonvulsant effect

Direct and Indirect Adaptive Feedforward Repetitive Control of Servo Systems

Control methodologies for deterministic disturbance rejection and trajectory tracking have been of great interest to researchers in the fields of controls, mechatronics, robotics and signal processing in the past two decades. The applications of these methods span a wide range from satellite attitude control requiring an accuracy of a few meters, to positioning of the read/write head in hard disk drives with an accuracy of less than one nanometer. This dissertation addresses the problem of trajectory tracking and deterministic disturbance rejection in discrete time systems when the trajectory/disturbance is unknown, but can be realized as an a ne combination of known basis functions. Despite the prior work on this problem that assumes known and time invariant plant dynamics, we consider multi input single output systems with unknown dynamics. Moreover, we investigate the cases where the disturbance or system dynamics varies slowly or abruptly but infrequently. Within the broad class of disturbances/trajectories that satisfy the stated criteria, an elaborate study is conducted on periodic and superposition of multiple sinusoidal sequences. We propose two novel adaptive control methods for the aforementioned problem. The first scheme can be classified as an indirect adaptive algorithm since it consists of two parts, namely a system identification mechanism that provides a dynamic model of the closed loop system, and the adaptive compensator which deploys the aforementioned dynamic model to synthesize the control law. The second proposed method is a direct adaptive controller, meaning that the control law is generated directly and the stated separation is not possible. Besides providing theoretical guarantees, we experimentally evaluate our algorithms on a challenging control task for nano-scale positioning of the read write head in a dual stage hard disk drive (HDD). Even with the advent of NAND ash based data storage devices, the HDD continues to thrive as the most cost effective, reliable solution for rewritable, very high density data storage. It remains a key technology particularly with the tremendously growing popularity of server based cloud computing and novel hybrid enterprise storage solutions. We described that the control methodologies that can address the problem under our study are crucial for Bit Patterned Media Recording which is one of the two breakthroughs in magnetic recording that have been immensely investigated in the past few years. Extensive computer simulations and implementation on a digital signal processor unit are performed to validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms in full spectrum compensation of the repeatable runout in dual stage HDDs. This application introduces unique control challenges since it requires estimating a very large number of parameters that is order(s) of magnitude greater than prior work and frequency contents span from 120Hz to extremely large values (above 20KHz) where the plant dynamic uncertainties are large

Characterization by intersection graph of some families of finite nonsimple groups

summary:For a finite group $G$, $\Gamma (G)$, the intersection graph of $G$, is a simple graph whose vertices are all nontrivial proper subgroups of $G$ and two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent when $H\cap K\neq 1$. In this paper, we classify all finite nonsimple groups whose intersection graphs have a leaf and also we discuss the characterizability of them using their intersection graphs

On the intersection graph of a finite group

summary:For a finite group $G$, the intersection graph of $G$ which is denoted by $\Gamma (G)$ is an undirected graph such that its vertices are all nontrivial proper subgroups of $G$ and two distinct vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent when $H\cap K\neq 1$. In this paper we classify all finite groups whose intersection graphs are regular. Also, we find some results on the intersection graphs of simple groups and finally we study the structure of ${\rm Aut}(\Gamma (G))$